Superior caval vein syndrome and cardiac inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in an infant.

The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, although very rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracardiac masses in children as it has systemic implications. We present a case of an infant whose diagnosis was suspected on clinical basis and echocardiogram, but the anatomopathological analysis with immunohistochemical study was essential for the conclusion of the histological type and orientation of the clinical follow-up.

Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023. / Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista ­ 2023.

Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.

Figura Central : Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista ­ 2023 Proposta de inclusão do strain no algoritmo integrado de avaliação da função diastólica, adaptado e traduzido de Nagueh et al. 67 AE: átrio esquerdo; Ap: duração da onda A reversa pulmonar; Am: duração da onda A mitral; DD: disfunção diastólica; FEVEr: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida; IT: insuficiência tricúspide; SAEr: strain do AE de reservatório; SLGVE: strain longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo. Se remodelamento concêntrico, confirmar com SLGVE. Na presença de FEVEr, tempo de desaceleração da onda E mitral (TDE) < 160 ms e onda S < D pulmonar também são parâmetros de pressão de enchimento aumentada. Esse algoritmo não se aplica a pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), calcificação do anel mitral ou valvopatia mitral maior que discreta, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE), ritmo de marca-passo, próteses valvares ou hipertensão pulmonar (HP) primária grave.

Pediatric multisystem SARS COV2 with versus without cardiac involvement: a multicenter study from Latin America.

Latin America (LATAM) children offer special insight into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS COV2) due to high-risk race/ethnicity, variability in medical resources, diverse socioeconomic background, and numerous involved organ systems. This multinational study of LATAM youth examined the distinguishing features of acute or late multisystem SARS COV2 with versus without cardiac involvement. A consecutive sample of youth 0-18 years old (N = 98;50% male) presenting with multisystem SARS COV2 to 32 centers in 10 Latin American countries participating in a pediatric cardiac multi-imaging society were grouped as with versus without cardiac involvement, defined as abnormal echocardiographic findings or arrhythmia. Collected clinical data were analyzed by Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Cardiac (N = 48, 50% male) versus no cardiac (N = 50, 50% male) were similar in age; weight; nonrespiratory symptoms; and medical history. The cardiac group had 1 death and symptoms including coronary artery dilation, ejection fraction <50%, pericardial effusion, peripheral edema, arrhythmia, and pulmonary artery thrombus. The cardiac group had higher risk of ICU admission (77% vs 54%, p = 0.02); invasive ventilation (23% vs 4%,p = 0.007); vasoactive infusions (27% vs 4%, p = 0.002); prominent respiratory symptoms (60% vs 36%, p < 0.03); abnormal chest imaging (69% vs 34%, p = 0.001); troponin (33% vs 12%, p = 0.01); alanine aminotransferase (33% vs 12%, p = 0.02); and thrombocytopenia (46% vs 22%, p = 0.02). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that abnormal laboratories had 94% sensitivity and 98% negative predictive value on the need for ICU interventions.Conclusion: In LATAM children with multisystem SARS COV2, cardiac involvement was prevalent. Cardiac involvement was more likely to require ICU interventions, certain abnormal labs, and respiratory involvement. What is Known: • SARS COV2 can be asymptomatic in children but in some cases can have serious multisystemic involvement. • Hispanic ethnicity is purportedly at high risk of SARS COV2 in nations where they are often disadvantaged minority populations. What is New: • Latin American children presenting with multisystem SARS COV2 frequently have cardiac involvement which was associated with ICU interventions; prominent respiratory symptoms; abnormal chest X-ray; elevated troponin, ALT, and thrombocytopenia. • Elevated troponin, ALT or thrombocytopenia had high sensitivity and negative predictive value on the need for intensive care interventions.

The cone reconstruction of the tricuspid valve in Ebstein's anomaly. The operation: early and midterm results.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe a new technique for tricuspid valve repair in Ebstein's anomaly and to report early echocardiographic results, as well as early and midterm clinical outcomes. METHODS: From November 1993 through August 2005, 40 consecutive patients with Ebstein's anomaly (mean age, 16.8 +/- 12.3 years) underwent a new surgical repair modified from Carpentier's procedure, the principal details of which are as follows. The anterior and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets are mobilized from their anomalous attachments in the right ventricle, and the free edge of this complex is rotated clockwise to be sutured to the septal border of the anterior leaflet, thus creating a cone the vertex of which remains fixed at the right ventricular apex and the base of which is sutured to the true tricuspid valve annulus level. Additionally, the septal leaflet is incorporated into the cone wall whenever possible, and the atrial septal defect is closed in a valved fashion. RESULTS: There was 1 (2.5%) hospital death and 1 late death. Early postoperative echocardiograms have shown good right ventricular morphology and reduction in tricuspid regurgitation grade from 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 1.2 +/- 0.5 (P < .0001). After mean follow-up of 4 years, the functional class (New York Heart Association) improved from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 (P < .0001). Two patients required late tricuspid valve re-repair, and there was neither atrioventricular block nor tricuspid valve replacement at any time. CONCLUSIONS: This surgical technique for Ebstein's anomaly can be performed with low mortality and morbidity. Early echocardiograms showed significant reduction of tricuspid insufficiency, and the follow-up showed improvement in patients' clinical status and low incidence of reoperation.

Avaliação ecocardiográfica prospectiva de pacientes submetidos ao fechamento percutâneo de canal arterial / Prospective echocardiographic evaluation of patients after percutaneous closure of patent arterial duct

Foram estudados evolutivamente pelo ecocardiograma com Doppler 84 pacientes submetidos ao fechamento percutâneo do canal arterial com molas, visando à avaliação da efetividade do procedimento e possíveis complicações. Houve forte correlação entre as medidas do canal obtidas pela angiografia e pelo ecocardiograma. Ocorreu redução progressiva dos diâmetros das cavidades esquerdas e do fluxo residual. Observou-se alta prevalência de protrusão da mola para a luz da artéria pulmonar esquerda, porém só houve associação com perfusão pulmonar esquerda alterada à cintilografia quando o índice da diferença das velocidades obtidas entre as artérias pulmonares e o tronco pulmonar ao Doppler foi > 50 por cento.Eight-four patients submitted to percutaneous closure of the arterial duct with coils were studied prospectively by Doppler ecocardiography, to evaluate the results of the procedure and potential complications. There was a strong correlation between ductal dimensions obtained by echo and by angiography. A progressive reduction of the left cardiac cavities' diameters and of the rate of residual shunt was demonstrated. A high prevalence of coil protrusion inside the left pulmonary artery was observed. However, an association with decreased left lung perfusion by scintigraphy was only detected when the index of the difference of velocities obtained at the pulmonary arteries and trunk was > 50 per cent...

Janela aortopulmonar: análise clínico-cirúrgica de 18 casos / Aortopulmonary window: clinical and surgical assessment of 18 cases

O objetivo aortopulmonar (JaoP) é uma anomalia congênita incomum cujos achados clínicos dependem do tamanho do defeito e das lesões associadas. Assim, avaliamos a nossa experiência, comparando-a com 296 casos relatados na literatura. Métodos - Estudo retrospectivo de 18 pacientes (idade variando de 13 dias a 31 anos, sendo 13 (72,2 por cento) do sexo feminino), divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (GA): 10 pacientes com defeito isolado e grupo B (GB): 8 pacientes com defeitos associados. Resultados - Insuficiência cardíaca ocorreu em 14 pacientes, principalmente no GA (8 pacientes), e cianose em três, dois no GB (tetralogia de Fallot (TF) e dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito (DVSVD)) e um com hipertensão pulmonar. Em 5 (38,4 por cento) pacientes do GA, foi diagnosticado insuficiência mitral devido ao sopro sistólico e à sobrecarga do VE ao ECG. No GB, os achados clínicos dependiam dos defeitos associados. O diagnóstico pela ecocardiografia foi feito em 11 (61,2 por cento) pacientes, sendo confundido com insuficiência mitral em três, com canal arterial em um e mascarado por defeitos importantes do tipo DVSVD (2 casos) e TF (1 caso). O diagnóstico foi realizado pelo cateterismo em 3 (16,6 por cento) pacientes, pela cirurgia em 3 (16,6 por cento) e pela necropsia em um (5,5 por cento). Foi feita sirurgia em 14 (77,7 por cento) pacientes com um óbito imediato, e boa evolução a longo prazo nos demais. Conclusão - O diagnóstico de JaoP pode ser confundido com outros defeitos. Os achados clínicos aliados ao estudo e ecocardiográfico podem orientar o diagnóstico do defeito, se analisados adequadamente.

Sling da artéria pulmonar / Pulmonary artery sling

The authors present a case of a two-year-old boy with stridor since birth, and also recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections, due to mechanical compression of distal trachea by a left pulmonary artery sling. They discussed diagnostic approach, surgical management and review of the literature. To our knowledge, it is the first case of sling of the pulmonary artery reported in Brazil and the fifth in a latin language country.